There are two basic kinds of demineralizer systems, separate-bed and mixed-bed. In a separate-bed system, cation resins and anion resins and anion resins are loaded into separate pressure vessels. During the service cycle, water passes through the cation bed first, where undesirable positive ions (cations) such as sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca+2), and magnesium (Mg+2) are exchanged for hydrogen (H+) ions.

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